The rise of a decarbonization-as-a-service sector may make it easier to commodify and exchange carbon. But what if it doesn’t actually help address climate change? There is always the risk that the platforms could be algorithmically flawed—that their software isn’t accurately quantifying emissions, whether positive or negative. But there are also... See more

can do, ignore the complexities of social and institutional constraints, often waste sums that would have been better spent more carefully and wreak havoc with the existing fabric of society in places they know very little about.” Moreover, they are not immune to fashion, delusion, corruption, and arrogance. Nor are they often held accountable to

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Third, many afforestation programs are totally opaque in terms of how the money is really used which leads to many scandals.

For public authorities, the core challenge is that the instruments of decision-making — from cost-benefit analysis to capital appraisal frameworks — were built for predictability. They extrapolate yesterday’s data into tomorrow’s context, mistaking continuity for prudence. This produces a structural time lag between planning and reality, locking

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