The use of AI, machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence are creating the perception that understanding the causal mechanics of a system or how the world actually works doesn’t matter because all I need to have is a marginal degree of statistical significance in my actions to make A TON of money.

Businesses became flooded with dashboards, predictions, and algorithms that worked perfectly in notebooks but fell flat in real life. Executives started asking a more basic question: “What does this model mean for us?”

That’s where I began to realize that data science — in its most useful form — isn’t really about the data. It’s about decisions. And