give clients choice to secure commitment

Shadow clients often have more influence on the consultation than the principal client.

system-wide; planned change efforts; focused on the total system and not just one aspect of it; targeted at the human side of the enterprise; aimed at improving organization effectiveness.

The core of the diagnostic phase is still about getting robust and valid data to help the organization and you to make sound intervention decisions. However, on top of that, we need to pay special attention to human dynamics within a power differential domain.

demonstrate what value they can add,

If leaders pay attention to those causal effects they will have data as to how to ‘move’ and ‘improve’ the organization.

The lesson for us is to discover how people make sense of the world, not what the world is.

Theoretical assumptions:

they did not want to call it management development because the effort spanned the whole organization.