The deadlock between those who sought change and those who sought to retain things as they were was broken only by an appeal to superior force, a force removed from and unidentified with the mores, conventions, devices of the society. This seems to me a very important point. The naval society in 1900 broke down in its effort to accommodate itself

He and his colleagues were opposed on this occasion by men who were apparently moved by three considerations: honest disbelief in the dramatic but substantiated claims of the new process, protection of the existing devices and instruments with which they identified themselves, and maintenance of the existing society with which they were identified.

It was followed by the third stage, that of name-calling—the argumentum ad hominem.

First stage: At first, there was no response.

But Herbert Simon, a cautious student of these matters, has said that “Insofar as we understand what processes are involved in human creativity—and we are beginning to have a very good understanding of them -none of the processes involved in human creativity appear to lie beyond the reach of computers.”

The basic elements, the gun, gear, and sight, were put in the environment by other men, men interested in designing machinery to serve different purposes or simply interested in the instruments themselves.

Those who had spent their lives in the nineteenth century had worked with forces large enough to give them a sense for the first time in history that they were in possession of power sufficient to profoundly change the conditions of life. But the forces were never sufficiently developed to fulfill the promise they gave. The two great influences at

There is another point to be made about “they,” about those who work in the bureaucratic situation. It has to do with the fact that a bureau, whether a great public agency, a department in a university, or a large corporation, tends to become a world for those inside it. With its special duties, its nice categories, its ordered set of rules, its

The particular solutions of engineers are on the whole local, limited by time and place and singularity.