An open distinction between 'artist' and 'artisan' will be avoided, since these terms suggest implicit hierarchies and differing levels of brilliance, whereby an artist makes highly valued objects of aesthetic pleasure, but a craftsman makes functional things with a purpose (or, crucially, things that don't look like art to European eyes).

from p17

Praps et Vanderwater. Spencer. Gelett Burgess. Les valeurs établies. Les conventions de l’art.