Knowledge, Reality, and Value: A Mostly Common Sense Guide to Philosophy

Premises: The premises of an argument are the statements that are used to support the other statements.

will generally not require supernatural access to the truth, nor will it generally require experiments or other highly specialized observations.[4]

& ~A) (read “A and it’s not the case that A”) is known as an explicit contradiction.

the premises are supposed to provide some grounds for the conclusion, but not conclusive grounds.

Science, by contrast, does not appeal to supernatural knowledge sources to justify its theories. It appeals most prominently to observation, especially specialized observations.

argument is said to be valid

“validity” does not require the premises of the argument to be correct,

physical possibility (which applies to things that are consistent with all the physical laws,

Propositions are things that can be true or false