By the end of the century Mayhew’s successor Charles Booth produced the Poverty Maps

(1889–99), hand-colored to show seven classes in the metropolis, street by street: the lowest

class, vicious, semi-criminal; the very poor, casual employment; the poor; the mixed, some

comfortable, others poor; the fairly comfortable, good ordinary wages; the... See more

Moving from geographical boundaries of the state to the boundaries of identity, Connolly

considers a pluralized culture’s most sensitive political crux as “the tendency by established

identities to fundamentalize what they are by demonizing or rendering needy what they

are not” (1985 194), highlighting the ambiguity of boundaries, that they bond... See more