Henry IV of Castile (Enrique IV; 1425–1474), nicknamed "the Impotent," was King of Castile and León from 1454 to 1474. He was Isabella I's older half brother. His reign was marked by instability and weakening of royal power, as noble factions grew stronger and the kingdom became less centralized. Henry’s inability to produce a male heir, as well as

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Isabella I of Castile became queen over her siblings—particularly after the death of her half-brother, King Henry IV—due to a combination of dynastic disputes, political alliances, legal maneuvering, and military conflict. Here are the key events and decisions that led to her ascension:

• Initial Succession Uncertainty: Isabella was not originally the

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