its own unintended conflicts and casualties.

Kant and Hegel’s philosophy in two contrasting ways try to resolve the second predicament resulting from the Enlightenment.

was in turn threatening the Enlightenment’s own ethical ideals and political aspirations.

what was of particular concern for Kant and Hegel was another unintended consequence of the age of reason: that the mechanistic outlook of cause and effect that dominated scientific explanation in the eighteenth century

The second from the eighteenth-century Enlightenment.

The first crisis resulted from the sixteenth-century European Reformation.