Empire

Whereas within its domain the nation-state and its attendant ideological structures work tirelessly to create and reproduce the purity of the people, on the outside the nation-state is a machine that produces Others, creates racial difference, and raises boundaries that delimit and support the modern subject of sovereignty.

Disciplinary society is that society in which social command is constructed through a diffuse network of dispositifs or apparatuses that produce and regulate customs, habits, and productive practices.

Juridical concepts and juridical systems always refer to something other than themselves.

Disciplinary power rules in effect by structuring the parameters and limits of thought and practice, sanctioning and prescribing normal and/or deviant behaviors.

the entire first phase of capitalist accumulation (in Europe and elsewhere) was conducted under this paradigm of power.

Biopower thus refers to a situation in which what is directly at stake in power is the production and reproduction of life itself.

pessimistic description of presocial human nature and attempted through reliance on a transcendental notion of power to establish the legitimacy of the state.

interiorized within the subjects themselves.

In disciplinary society, then, the relationship between power and the individual remained a static one: