ontological dimension of design: all design reproduces certain ways of being, knowing, and doing.

designers tend to unconsciously default to imagined users whose experiences are similar to their own.35 This means that users are

when the cost (in time and energy) of communicating a specific kind of user need to the manufacturer is high, it often makes more sense for users to modify products on their own than to attempt to convince manufacturers to do so.

The costs of communicating specific user needs will generally be higher for users from disadvantaged locations within the matrix of domination.

This means that there is a need to develop intersectional user stories, testing approaches, training data, benchmarks, standards, validation processes, and impact assessments, among many other tools.

the difference between algorithmic colorblindness and algorithmic justice.

Design scoping processes that exclude structural problems, large institutional actors, or the state from the field of analysis convert design into an antipolitics machine. Design narratives too frequently invisibilize the matrix of domination and set the boundaries of the imagination to exclude already existing, community-led solutions,

Most PD processes also aim to develop feelings of investment and ownership in the outcome by all participants,

burdens,