Design after Capitalism: Transforming Design Today for an Equitable Tomorrow

In this process, Marx saw the seeds of a society that would eventually be reduced to two classes—owners and workers.

This kind of designing follows some basic presuppositions: every community practices the design of itself; every design activity begins with recognition that people are practitioners of their own knowledge; what the community designs is an inquiry or learning system about itself; every design process involves a statement of problems and possibiliti

Capitalism can exist only with constant growth, so it constantly creates needs.

until all design activities are aimed towards meeting primary needs. Until then, design must disappear. We can live without architecture.”

Capitalism is the outcome of a revolutionary change—a change in laws, attitudes, and social relationships as deep and far-reaching as any in history.”14

Thingiverse is an open-source platform for sharing primarily free design files for objects to be produced on 3D printers,

Today, autonomism exists “as a global network of alliances between occupied social centers and media activists in Europe, Zapatistas

This rejection of capitalocentrism is significant for designers because it provides a framework to assess other models of design practices—institutions in themselves—that already have, currently do, or might in the future coexist with capitalism.

Jugaad also represents the cultural context of a semiskilled labor-market repairing, maintaining, or modifying technical products such as smartphones, speakers, DVD players,