When we use Brazil as a quintessential example, we can see how much their dollar-denominated GDP suffered during the three times where the dollar index spiked significantly:

Back in the 1990s, the United States had a legal conflict regarding using encrypted communications. Phil Zimmerman developed Pretty Good Privacy or “PGP” in the early 1990s, which was free and open-source peer-to-peer encryption software. It spread internationally, and so the U.S. government launched a criminal investigation into Zimmerman for

Basically, if someone went into these past couple of years owning a house with a low fixed-rate mortgage, a portfolio of financial assets, and decent income, then they’re probably feeling pretty okay right now, economically speaking. However, those who didn’t manage to get a house before mortgage rates rose sharply, and/or who don’t have a lot of

As we perform analysis in this unusual economic environment, it pays to make sure we’re treating it with fresh eyes each time. By many metrics, ironically other than the traditional developed market metrics, we’ve a lready had a recession, and are arguably still in the later stages of it. But instead of showing up as a credit event and unemployment

characterize two types of recessions.

-The first type of recession leaves most people relatively unaffected, but is really bad for the much smaller subset that lose their jobs. This is a classic disinflationary developed market recession.

-The second type of recession spreads the pain a bit more broadly. Perhaps a third or half of people are

Back in 2020, the misery index briefly spiked due to lockdown-induced unemployment, and consumer sentiment fell, but that reversed quickly as lockdowns ended and as fiscal stimulus went out to people and businesses. In 2022, as inflation washed over the economy, the misery index rose to very high levels, and consumer sentiment fell to deeply

Global liquidity, which I measure as global broad money supply of major currencies, translated into a dollar denomination, continues to be rangebound as well. The weaker dollar index has been supportive for global liquidity growth in recent months, but China’s flat money supply from March 2024 to the present has been a drag on global liquidity

(Early 2020 was a big exception to that, since the fiscal impulse and the rate of quantitative easing were so big that they overrode the rise in the TGA, which on its own would be negative for liquidity. The TGA was only increased that high basically for extra financial buffer to support everything else that was happening, since the sheer magnitude

Analysts have been trying to forecast or spot a recession in the United States for years, looking for the classic disinflationary recession. And maybe we’ll still get one in the year ahead. But fiscal dominance is a different environment than the past four decades in the United States, and in many ways the United States already went through an