12. Burden of Proof Fallacy: Asserting that the opponent has the burden of proving their claim rather than the speaker providing evidence for their own claim.

Nature of Statement and Observations

Elements of Thought At the core of the framework are the 'Elements of Thought', which serve as fundamental aspects that thinkers must consider when assessing a particular issue. Let's delve into each:

Patterns observed in falling apples led Sir Isaac Newton to formulate the laws of gravity.

10. Self-serving Bias

15. Status-quo Bias

Strengths of inductive reasoning Flexibility: Inductive reasoning is adaptable. If a new piece of evidence that doesn’t fit the current theory emerges, the theory can be adjusted. Discovery: It's the foundation for many scientific discoveries. Observing specific instances often leads to groundbreaking general theories.

Confirmation bias is a psychological trap where you gravitate towards information that aligns with your existing beliefs, and, conversely, dismiss or undervalue opposing viewpoints.

Section 6: Deep Dive into the Paul-Elder Critical Thinking Framework