Hitherto,

the civil law,

defective resistance to criminal tendencies and temptations, due to that ill-balanced

inability to foresee the consequences of crime,

practical spirits of the Middle Ages,

``crime is a fact dependent upon law, an infraction rather than an action,''

hate, cupidity, vanity and the like, and are thus stimulants to crime,

``the relapsed criminal is the rule rather than the exception,''

lack of repugnance to the idea and execution of the offence, previous to its commission, and the absence of remorse after committing it.