Conway's Game of Life
Systems often have the property of self-organization—the ability to structure themselves, to create new structure, to learn, diversify, and complexify. Even complex forms of self-organization may arise from relatively simple organizing rules—or may not.
Donella H. Meadows • Thinking in Systems: International Bestseller
Complexity science, also called complex systems science, studies how a large collection of components – locally interacting with each other at small scales – can spontaneously self-organize to exhibit non-trivial global structures and behaviors at larger scales, often without external intervention, central authorities or leaders. The properties of... See more
Complexity Explained
Stephen Wolfram (from “A New Kind of Science”):
“Simple rules, iterated enough times, can generate incredible complexity. Complexity arises not from complicated rules, but from the repeated application of very simple ones.”