children of more Internal depressed mothers reported fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression than the children of depressed mothers who were more External. That is, although depressed mothers were more External than nondepressed mothers, those depressed mothers who were not as External as other depressed mothers had children who had fewer

women like their friends to be actively engaged with them, while men desire friends who are more passive and likely to go along with things.

Externals work best in structured, unambiguous situations; appreciate extrinsic rewards; and enjoy being guided by others.

Internals outperform Externals in academic achievement situations: they tend to get superior grades, score higher on academic tests, and solve problems with greater efficiency. Internals achieve more than Externals in business as well. They make more money, are better leaders, and find ways to feel better about themselves and what they do.

Internals make better managers, soldiers, scoutmasters, and teachers than Externals. As we move from the factory, battlefield, and classroom to the boardroom, we find a similar superiority of Internality in CEOs.

we do know raising awareness of how we think and act, illuminating connections between our actions and their consequences, encouraging sensible goal setting, rewarding Internal speech and behavior, using praise and encouragement, and creating safe and secure situations are all aspects of the process toward making us more Internal.

When Externals face a competitive situation, they seem to shut down and stop trying.

children of depressed mothers are also often depressed and anxious.

Giving external rewards to Externals to achieve a desired performance is not an illegitimate or dishonest strategy but simply giving students what they need in order to succeed.