Those of us who do not master manners are going to face an uphill fight to handle the next stage. People with Asperger syndrome or a nonverbal learning disability have trouble here because they have difficulty mastering the skills needed to enter easily into a new relationship.

Transformational leaders were indeed more Internal and had the highest performance outcomes.

Why are Externals prone to negative and self-defeating activities? An obvious explanation is they don't know what else to do. Because they haven't previously been collecting information and using it to practice solving problems, they don't have the resources to come up with new and effective ways to deal with change. They are trying to maintain

Consistent with what was found above, Externals reported themselves to be less likely to compete successfully with others, to more often be hurt by them, and to feel more helpless than did Internals. In contrast, Internals endorsed leadership, helping others, and being cooperative to a greater degree than Externals.

Internals prefer less structured activities. They like to make their own structure and decide on their own how to spend their time within that framework. If given a chance, they would probably opt for free time whenever possible. The best way to teach Internals is to inform them of a goal, point them to the materials needed to accomplish that goal,

parents who were perceived by their children as providing contingent rewards were more Internal and were also seen as warmer and more loving.8 In contrast, parents perceived as not delivering contingent rewards were seen as External and more rejecting, neglecting, and critical.

Externals persisted longer and got more points when the task of assessment was left to an adult than when they were answering questions from the machine on their own.

studies reveal our own individual LOC is not inherited but learned.

we don't see the link between our actions and our fitness levels or the subsequent greater likelihood of negative physical consequences including obesity, high blood pressure, and illness. We are paying an enormous price for our higher Externality in the form of poorer health, lower quality of life, and the development of life-threatening diseases.