The relevance of biofeedback interventions to athletic preparation is evident in the “psychophysiological principle” presented by Green, Green, and Walters ( 1970), which states that every physiological change is accompanied by a parallel change in the mental and emotional state and, conversely. every change in the mental and emotional state, consc... See more

Effective psychological intervention must be carried out in an individualized, systematic manner over time. It should be integrated with physical training and employ a variety of psychological techniques as part of the training program.

Three main approaches are used in PST.

1, the educational versus clinical approach.

2, the program-centered versus... See more

Case Study: Team Rhythmic Gymnastics

Psychological support in this period accompanied the trainings and helped athletes to cope with stress. Individual and team mental sessions were provided according to training situations and the personal demands of the athletes. A total of 3-4 weekly mental meetings were provided during this competition phase, es... See more

Viewing films. Blumenstein is an advocate of having athletes watch a video after they have learned to self-regulate using multi-modal biofeedback.

EDA - Galvanic Skin Response

EDA was used to assess expression of emotions and was considered an autonomic concomitant of individual differences in trait anxiety. EDA has been used to measure sweat responses prior to serving in tennis in order to determine the range of values associated with having a better serve. EDAs that were too high or too low ... See more

Surface Electromyography (SEMG) - Continued

It is important to train the correct muscles which create the power points until they become a conditioned reflex and to untrain the incorrect power points until they are no longer a conditioned reflex. These reflexes are typically deeply wired into the nervous system from extensive practice and it takes p... See more

Surface Electromyography (SEMG)

When it comes to muscle tension, most athletes generally relax better, but some do not know how to relax. But a person can be trained to control muscle movement as small as one muscle fiber. Improved results with SEMG have been reported when specific muscles relevant to the sport performance are targeted. Wilson and B... See more

HRV

HRV biofeedback has been reported to improve reaction time and relaxation in wrestlers, batting performance in baseball players by 60%, and a golfer's score as well as a reduction in stress. HRV was also found to be a viable and convenient measure of arousal in golfers in pre-competitive situations.

Once an athlete demonstrates the ability to reg... See more

Typically, biofeedback and neurofeedback assessment and training include one or all of the following, generally integrated with mental training skill.

-SEMG in the trapezius and frontalis,

-palmar electrodermal activity, so EDA,

-heart rate

- heart rate variability

-respiration rate and hand surface temperature

- EEG at the FCz for relaxation and tens... See more