Caliban and the Yankees: Trinidad and the United States Occupation

foreshadow a future filled with the seductively colonizing commodities of American modernity.

In their eyes, reform was entirely enlightened policy, and in advocating it, they repeatedly invoked the rhetoric of "freedom," "modernity," and "liberty."

"cosquelle."

class privilege,

"Conservatism," argued the journal, "is as much due to mental laziness as it is to fear of change.

Their fondness for the zoot suit, in particular, signified a rejection of Anglocentric precepts not only about fashion but, more profoundly, about manhood.

Captain C. Longridge, who in 1932 denounced jazz from the United States as "primitive music" and summoned fellow believers to "taboo the jazz dance in every shape and form."

Undoubtedly, the appeal of the jitterbug among young Trinidadian trendsetters derived in part from its provenance in the brave, antiestablishment, black American youth culture.3G

United States especially, policy-makersexplicitly discouraged them from cultivating Western-type desires.