• Voluntary repatriation to their home country is usually the best solution for refugees, but it can only be an option if refugees can safely return to their home countries. Repatriation cannot be forced on an individual and must be supported by both countries of origin and asylum.


• Local integration is an alternative for those who can’t return home.

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In protracted situations, the UN Refugee Agency moves beyond the initial emergency phase - where the focus is on lifesaving protection and assistance - to ensure refugees residing in refugee camps and urban settings are protected during all stages of their exile. This includes reinforcing shelters and local infrastructure, improving the quality of... See more

The lack of economic opportunities may force displaced families into dangerous coping mechanisms. Women and children are especially vulnerable to child and early marriage, child labor and sex trafficking.

It is not uncommon to see entire generations of families spending their lives in refugee camps. Iran and Pakistan, for example, are one of the longest protracted situations as they have hosted approximately 2.4 million Afghan refugees for the past 40 years.