Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation explained
commonplace.is
Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation explained
cracks, by which we navigate
Martin Gurri • Revolt of the Public and the Crisis of Authority in the New Millennium
- Information – One-way communication (authorities → citizens).
- Examples : Official documents, newsletters, “Seattle in Progress” map-based platform, Envision Scenario Planning (ESP).
- Consultation – Limited two-way