Karpathy’s email is prescient in a few ways: calling out scaling as the most important thing for progress in AI and predicting Tesla’s market cap in the next 3 years. https://t.co/ugTfhXMh5B

research suggests that, at scale, without depending on other automakers, LiDAR, and other unnecessary hardware, Tesla’s cost per mile could be ~30–40% lower than Waymo’s, as shown below.