So if you have large-scale bureaucracies that need to be organized and function coherently, then you need these kind of simple, nuance-free packets of information. And I think that’s one of the reasons we’ve seen this constant rise of simplified metrical analysis.

“The gamification we encounter most often and most conspicuously in our lives doesn’t deliver the fulfilment or progress it promises. Instead, it maintains stasis. It keeps workers in line, funnelling profits to those who already have capital. It encourages us to study or train or play for goals that aren’t truly our own. And it reinforces the idea

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We know that in markets and industries where there is a score, people do improve, and markets are efficient. For example, in sales, it's very clear what a good day is, it's very clear what a bad day is, and people are motivated to improve. You can measure who's great and who's not. If there's someone junior on the team who's really good, they're re

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