It is quite possible that the collective cohesion people need to form a viable society just cannot develop when the vehicles which people use force them to he 10 times farther apart, on the average, than they have to he. This states the possible social cost of cars in its strongest form. I t may be that cars cause the breakdown of society, simply

The most complete study of this problem that we know, comes from Ian McHarg (Design With Nature, New York: Natural History

“Japan-Like a National Park,” Yearbook of Agriculture 1963, U, S. Department of Agriculture, pp. 525–28.)

Parks are dead and artificial. Farms, when treated as private property, rob the people of their natural biological heritage-the countryside from which they came.

What this means, is that IDENTIFIABLE NEIGHBORHOOD, SUBCULTURE BOUNDARY, WORK COMMUNITY, and QUIET BACKS are incomplete, unless they contain an ACCESSIBLE GREEN; and that an ACCESSIBLE GREEN is itself incomplete, unless it contains POSITIVE OUTDOOR SPACE, TREE PLACES, and a GARDEN WALL.

Otis D. Duncan in “The Optimum Size of Cities” (Cities and Society, P. K. Hatt and A. J. Reiss, eds., New York: The Free Press, 1967, pp. 759–72), shows that cities with more than 50,000 people have a big enough market to sustain 61 different

am suggesting that in the Europe of the future we shall see England split down into Kent, Wessex, Mercia, Anglia and Northumbria, with an independent Scotland, Wales and Ireland, of course.

This is a fundamental view of the world. It says that when you build a thing you cannot merely build that thing in isolation, but must also repair the world around it, and within it, so that the larger world at that one place becomes more coherent, and more whole; and the thing which you make takes its place in the web of nature, as you make

In Norway, England, Austria, it is commonly understood that people have a right to picnic in farmland, and walk and play—provided they respect the animals and crops. And the reverse is also true—there is no wilderness which is abandoned to its own processes—even the mountainsides are terraced, mown, and grazed and cared for. We may summarize these