A Designer's Research Manual: Succeed in Design by Knowing Your Clients and What They Really Need (Design Field Guide)

Ethnographic research experiments can never be exactly replicated.

Ethnographers use snowball sampling to find participants, called informants, for their studies. Informants lead to others, who then lead to more, and so on. A broad sampling is necessary to provide the researcher with an accurate representation of the emic perspective of the group under study.

Macro-ethnography studies large populations of people, whereas micro-ethnography, conversely, focuses on smaller populations.

media scanning.

Marketing research, in contrast, is a form of sociology that focuses on the understanding of human behavior as it applies to a market-based economy.

Designers can use a broad range of tools for visualization, including computer renderings, models, comps, storyboards and mood boards to visually articulate their concepts.

competitor profi ling

Visual anthropology differs from photo ethnography by placing the camera in the trained hands of the researcher rather than in the untrained hands of a subject.

Observational research is the systematic process of viewing and recording human behavior and cultural phenomena without questioning, communicating with, or interacting with the group being studied.